Tren, Inovasi, dan Tantangan Teknologi Pendidikan: Tinjauan Literatur Naratif terhadap Transformasi Pendidikan Agama Islam di Indonesia

Abstract

This narrative literature review examines how trends, innovations, and challenges in educational technology relate to the transformation of Islamic religious education in Indonesia amidst the increasing integration of artificial intelligence and digital learning, an area where integrated studies remain relatively limited. Literature was gathered from Google Scholar, SINTA, and Publish or Perish. The initial pool of 72 records was filtered down to 33. This was done following title, abstract, and duplication screening. The pool was further reduced to 17 after a full-text eligibility review. This yielded 10 articles published between 2025 and 2026. These met the inclusion criteria for thematic analysis. The findings show that educational technology transformation in Islamic Religious Education in Indonesia is shifting from the use of LMS and digital media toward AI, gamification, learning analytics, augmented reality, virtual reality, and adaptive learning. Learning interactivity, flexibility, personalisation, and accessibility are enhanced by these innovations. However, researchers have only implemented them to a limited extent conceptually and developmentally, and there is still limited empirical evidence from classroom practice. Teachers' digital competence, infrastructure gaps, the validity of religious information, AI ethics, and the limitations of technology in developing students' affective and spiritual dimensions are just some of the key challenges. Therefore, we must integrate technology, pedagogy, teacher competence, and Islamic values in a balanced way to achieve transformation.