Knowledge and Self-Efficacy Related to Stroke Prevention Behavior in Hypertensive Patients at Puskesmas Ponre
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63935/rgs26v32Keywords:
Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, Stroke Prevention Behavior, HypertensionAbstract
Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke, which may lead to disability and death. Stroke prevention behavior among hypertensive patients is influenced by several factors, including knowledge and self-efficacy; adequate knowledge of stroke and its risk factors increases patients’ awareness of preventive action, while high self-efficacy strengthens patients’ confidence to consistently practice a healthy lifestyle. Purpose: To determine the relationship between knowledge and self-efficacy with stroke prevention behavior among hypertensive patients in the working area of Ponre Public Health Center. Methods: This study used a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The population comprised all 6,103 hypertensive patients in the working area of Ponre Public Health Center; the Slovin formula yielded a sample of 98 respondents. Knowledge was measured using the Stroke Prevention Knowledge Questionnaire (SPKQ), self-efficacy using the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and stroke prevention behavior using a questionnaire adapted from Riskesdas 2018. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate (Chi-Square) analysis. Results: The Chi-Square test showed p = 0.000 (p < 0.05) for both the knowledge–behavior and self-efficacy–behavior relationships, indicating a significant association between knowledge and self-efficacy with stroke prevention behavior among hypertensive patients in the working area of Ponre Public Health Center. Conclusion: The higher the knowledge and self-efficacy of hypertensive patients, the better their stroke prevention behavior; continuous health education and support are needed to improve patients’ knowledge and self-efficacy in preventing stroke.
Downloads
References
1. World Health Organization, Global Report on Hypertension: The Race Against a Silent Killer. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/publications/b/68537
2. World Health Organization, “Hypertension,” World Health Organization, Sep. 25, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension
3. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Hasil Utama Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023. Jakarta, Indonesia: Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/daftar-frequently-asked-question-seputar-hasil-utama-ski-2023/hasil-utama-ski-2023/
4. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Laporan Tematik Survei Kesehatan Indonesia 2023: Penyakit Tidak Menular. Jakarta, Indonesia: Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan, 2024.
5. A. S. Upoyo, A. Isworo, Y. Sari, A. Taufik, A. Sumeru, and A. Anam, “Determinant factors stroke prevention behavior among hypertension patient in Indonesia,” Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, vol. 9, no. E, pp. 336–339, 2021, doi: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6040.
6. N. Venketasubramanian, B. W. Yoon, J. Pandian, and J. C. Navarro, “Stroke epidemiology in South, East, and South-East Asia: A review,” Journal of Stroke, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 286–294, 2017, doi: 10.5853/jos.2017.00234.
7. D. R. Aftra Nina, A. D. Firdaus, and K. Laksana, “The relationship between self-efficacy by behavior health hypertension on age mature young in the work area Public Health Center Dampit,” Professional Health Journal, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 228–245, 2024, doi: 10.54832/phj.v6i1.805.
8. A. Upoyo, I. Setyopranoto, and H. S. Pangastuti, “The modifiable risk factors of uncontrolled hypertension in stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis,” Stroke Research and Treatment, vol. 2021, Art. no. 6683256, 2021, doi: 10.1155/2021/6683256.
9. A. K. Boehme, C. Esenwa, and M. S. V. Elkind, “Stroke risk factors, genetics, and prevention,” Circulation Research, vol. 120, no. 3, pp. 472–495, 2017, doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308398.
10. S. F. F. Sniehotta, U. Scholz, and R. Schwarzer, “Bridging the intention-behaviour gap: Planning, self-efficacy, and action control in the adoption and maintenance of physical exercise,” Psychology & Health, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 143–160, 2005, doi: 10.1080/08870440512331317670.
11. S. Setia, “Methodology series module 3: Cross-sectional studies,” Indian Journal of Dermatology, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 261–264, 2016, doi: 10.4103/0019-5154.182410.
12. N. I. Majdina, B. Pratikno, and A. Tripena, “Penentuan ukuran sampel menggunakan rumus Bernoulli dan Slovin: Konsep dan aplikasinya,” Jurnal Ilmiah Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 73–84, 2024, doi: 10.20884/1.jmp.2024.16.1.11230.
13. L.-H. Wan, J. Zhao, X.-P. Zhang, S.-F. Deng, L. Li, S.-Z. He, and H.-F. Ruan, “Stroke prevention knowledge and prestroke health behaviors among hypertensive stroke patients in mainland China,” Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. E1–E9, 2014, doi: 10.1097/JCN.0b013e31827f0ab5.
14. R. Novrianto, A. K. E. Marettih, and H. Wahyudi, “Validitas konstruk instrumen General Self Efficacy Scale versi Indonesia,” Jurnal Psikologi, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2019, doi: 10.24014/jp.v15i1.6943.
15. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, “Kuesioner individu Riskesdas 2018,” Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/repositori/id/eprint/4616/
16. J. C. De Leeuw, “Data collection methods,” in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2nd ed. Elsevier, 2015, doi: 10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.11046-1.
17. E. J. Emanuel, D. Wendler, and C. Grady, “What makes clinical research ethical?” JAMA, vol. 283, no. 20, pp. 2701–2711, 2000, doi: 10.1001/jama.283.20.2701.
18. A. Novembelina and Y. Amperaningsih, “Hubungan pengetahuan dan dukungan teman sebaya dengan perilaku pencegahan stroke pada usia lanjut yang mengalami hipertensi,” Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Indonesia (JIKPI), vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 411–418, 2025.
19. B. R. Fatmawati, M. Suprayitna, and I. Istianah, “Self efficacy dan perilaku sehat dalam modifikasi gaya hidup penderita hipertensi,” Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Yarsi Mataram, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2021, doi: 10.57267/jisym.v11i1.73.
20. S. Greenland, J. Pearl, and J. M. Robins, “Causal diagrams for epidemiologic research,” Epidemiology, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 37–48, 1999, doi: 10.1097/00001648-199901000-00008.
21. J. P. T. Higgins, J. Thomas, J. Chandler, M. Cumpston, T. Li, M. J. Page, and V. A. Welch, Eds., Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, 2nd ed. Chichester, U.K.: John Wiley & Sons, 2019, doi: 10.1002/9781119536604.
22. S. Nakagawa and I. C. Cuthill, “Effect size, confidence interval and statistical significance: A practical guide for biologists,” Biological Reviews, vol. 82, no. 4, pp. 591–605, 2007, doi: 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2007.00027.x.
23. P. Pallangyo, Z. S. Mkojera, M. Komba, L. Mfanga, S. Kamtoi, J. Mmari, G. Matemu, A. Nkinda, H. Y. Faraji, S. V. Bhalia, H. A. Mayala, and others, “Public knowledge of risk factors and warning signs of heart attack and stroke,” Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery, vol. 60, Art. no. 12, 2024, doi: 10.1186/s41983-023-00780-x.
24. J. W. McEvoy, C. P. McCarthy, J. M. Bruno, et al., “2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension,” European Heart Journal, vol. 45, no. 38, pp. 3912–4018, 2024, doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae178.
25. D. W. Jones, K. C. Ferdinand, S. J. Taler, et al., “2025 AHA/ACC/AANP/AAPA/ABC/ACCP/ACPM/AGS/AMA/ASPC/NMA/PCNA/SGIM guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults,” Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 86, no. 18, pp. 1567–1678, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2025.05.007.
26. A. Bandura, “Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change,” Psychological Review, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 191–215, 1977, doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191.
27. A. Bandura, “Health promotion by social cognitive means,” Health Education & Behavior, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 143–164, 2004, doi: 10.1177/1090198104263660.
28. N. M. Clark and J. A. Dodge, “Exploring self-efficacy as a predictor of disease management,” Health Education & Behavior, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 72–89, 1999, doi: 10.1177/109019819902600107.
29. S. Y. Turana, J. Tengkawan, Y. C. Chia, et al., “Hypertension and stroke in Asia: A comprehensive review from HOPE Asia,” Journal of Clinical Hypertension, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 513–521, 2021, doi: 10.1111/jch.14099.
30. A. Buonacera, B. Stancanelli, and L. Malatino, “Stroke and hypertension: An appraisal from pathophysiology to clinical practice,” Current Vascular Pharmacology, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 72–84, 2019, doi: 10.2174/1570161115666171116151051.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Naschwa Putri Refina, A. Nurlaela Amin, Hamdana (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
