Off-Grid Savonius Wind-Powered Street Lighting with Cascading Logic
Keywords:
Savonius turbine, Cascading, ESP32, PIR sensor, Off-grid, Street lightingAbstract
This research addresses the limited electrical lighting on rice-field pathways in Munggugianti Village, Gresik, which creates safety risks for residents and farmers at night. The study aims to design and implement an off-grid wind-powered public street lighting system and evaluate its energy efficiency using a cascading control method. A quantitative experimental approach was applied using an ESP32 microcontroller, a four-blade Savonius wind turbine coupled to a 60 W DC generator, six HC-SR501 PIR sensors, and PZEM-017 electrical sensors. Electrical parameters were monitored in real time through ThingSpeak, while field measurements were conducted over 24-hour cycles for seven days. The system harvested energy under wind speeds from 0.9 to 4.2 m/s and achieved a peak charging power of 11.75 W. The ESP32 control successfully activated the lamps sequentially according to detected motion, with a reported precision of 100%. The cascading mode reduced the load from a peak of 62.04 W during full-on operation to 1.69–5.08 W and reached 0 W when no movement was detected late at night. These results indicate that integrating the Savonius turbine with intelligent cascading control can improve energy utilization in off-grid pathway lighting.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Moch. Nur Ramansyah, Reza Rahmadian, Daeng Rahmatullah, Alfarid Hendro Yuwono (Author)
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