Paradoks Inklusivitas: Wakaf Digital dan Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Umat dalam Tinjauan Sistematis (2020–2025)

Abstract

This literature review explores the digitalization of waqf (2020–2025) to map trends, analyze the gap between narrative and reality, unpack structural barriers, evaluate integration models, and formulate future research agendas. Employing a qualitative method using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach with PRISMA protocols on 14 articles from Scopus, Google Scholar, and Sinta, the study reveals that the digitalization of waqf forms a synergistic ecosystem connecting Islamic fintech, innovative instruments, MSME empowerment, and the SDGs. However, the narrative of inclusiveness triggers a paradox because technology adoption actually risks strengthening the dominance of large actors due to structural barriers in the field. Its implementation is constrained by various systemic factors, ranging from outdated regulations to low public literacy. Furthermore, the recommended comprehensive integration models remain largely theoretical and lack empirical testing in the field. Therefore, future research must address the scarcity of empirical welfare studies, user subjective perspectives, and the strengthening of Islamic economic ethics. To address these challenges, the most suitable implementation requires a hybrid approach through synergy among Islamic banking institutions, regulators, and nazhir, supported by phased human resource training, user-friendly technology adoption, public transparency, and regulatory adjustments grounded in Islamic economic ethics.